Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601AUTOPHAGY; Recent Advances in Health and Disease1102677110.21608/jmh.2018.5225.1040ENSahar Abo ElFadlDepartment of Medical Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20180210Macroautophagy (autophagy) meaning self-eating is an evolutionary conserved intracellular degradation pathway, during which autophagosomes envelop bulk cytosol, unwanted or damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to handle them to the lysosomes for breakdown. There are many types of autophagy, which differ mainly in the site of cargo sequestration and in the type of cargo itself. The process of autophagy is a model in which autophagic vesicles develop into mature degradative autophagolysosomes in a series of distinguished steps namely: initiation, nucleation, expansion, maturation then finally degradation. The discovery of definitive biological markers for autophagy by the Japanese, Nobel Prize-awarded cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi and the advances in visualizing techniques enabled further insight of this vital process. Autophagy takes place at a low basal level constitutively, and can be potently induced by various types of stress conditions, such as starvation, hypoxia, pathogen invasion, and exercise. The functional relationship between apoptosis and autophagy is complex. Under certain circumstances, autophagy constitutes a stress adaptation that avoids cell death (and suppresses apoptosis), whereas in other cellular events, it constitutes an alternative cell-death pathway. Recently, autophagy dysfunction is linked to severe diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Control of autophagy promises to facilitate the development of therapeutic and preventive measures for these morbid diseases for the well-being of mankind.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601Effect of Musa sapientum (Banana) on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats: Histological Study11282677910.21608/jmh.2018.4452.1034ENSafaa AliHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit UniversityReham ElGibalyHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit UniversitySafaa Abdel-MaksoudHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit UniversityJournal Article20180210Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs. Gastric injury is the most common side effects of NSAIDs .It develops in 30% of all chronic NSAIDS users. It has many complications as bleeding and perforation. Drugs used in gastric treatment induce side effects, relapses and drug interactions. Banana is a common tropical plant that has been consumed since centuries.<br />Objective: To investigate the role of banana in prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced gastric injury.<br />Material & methods: 48 adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups; GroupI received water, GroupII received banana 7 gm/kg 3 times /day for 2 days, GroupIII received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) once, GroupIV received indomethacin once then left for 2 days, GroupV received Indomethacin once with banana for 2 days, GroupVI received Indomethacin once then banana for 2 days. Rats were sacrificed; and stomach was processed for histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies.<br />Results: indomethacin group(III) showed mucosal lesions, hemorrhagic streaks, desquamation of surface epithelium, loss of normal glandular architecture and degenerative changes in the mucous and parietal cells. Autohealing group(IV) showed delayed healing. Prevented group(V) showed less mucosal lesions. However, treated group(VI) showed more or less normal mucosa. Statistically, significant decrease in enteroendocrine cells, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) -positive cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in indomethacin group, with significant increase in in treated group compared with other groups.<br />Conclusion: Banana accelerated healing in Indomethacin-induced injury of gastric mucosa and its therapeutic effect was more effective than its prophylactic one.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601Isolation, Characterization and Myogenic Differentiation of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells29382678410.21608/jmh.2018.4355.1033ENFatma MeligyHistology and cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt0000-0002-6372-8731Dalia Abdo ElgamalHistology and cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptNashwa MostafaHistology and cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptAyat AbdelrahmanMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20180210
Background: Synovial membrane represents a worthy source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Synovial membrane derived stem cells has been described as encouraging line of treatment for musculoskeletal degenratative disorders compared to other sources MSCs. Having higher chondrogenic capacity and being easy to collect without injury of adjacent tissue as well as its proximity to the articular cartilage make it good choice for treatment of such disorders.<br />Aim of work: The present study aimed to isolate and characterize (MSCs) derived from synovial membrane and to examine its myogenic differentiation potential.<br />Materials and Methods: four adult mice were used to isolate synovial membrane MSCs using digestion method, after which, 5 –azacytidine (AZA) was used to induce the myogenic differentiation. Stemmness and differentiation characteristics were evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and real time PCR.<br />Results: Strong positive expression of CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105 and negative expression of CD34 and CD45 were reported for MSCs using ICC. Also, FACS analysis showed 92%,86%, 93% and 90% for CD29,CD44,CD90 and CD105 expressing cells respectively. On the other hand AZA treated cells showed strong desmin and myogen expression (80%).<br />Conclusion: Synovial mesenchymal MSCs could be expanded in vitro and differentiated towards myogenic linage which is promising treatment strategies in musculoskeletal diseases.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601comparative Study on Surface Geometric Properties of Decellularized and Glutaraldehyde fixed Bovine Pericardium and Possible Effects on Cell Seeding39442678610.21608/jmh.2018.4541.1035ENShahriar AhmadpourAssociate Professor of Anatomical Sciences. Anatomy Department. Medicine School.North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Bojnurd. Iran.Alireza GolshanAssociate Professor of urology.Medicine School.North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Bojnurd. Iran.Toktam MemarianMedicine School.North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Bojnurd. Iran.Journal Article20180210Background:Collagen fibers arrangement and density play a pivotal role in cell migration and proliferation. Bovine Pericardium (BP) is a collagen – rich tissue which is currently used as a biological scaffold.<br />Aim of the work:The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the decellulrazation processes on the surface architecture and geometry of the BP and consequently cell seeding and epitheliliazation onto it.<br />Methods and Results:To achieve these goals bovine pericardium (BP) was decellularized with 1 % TritonX-100 and 0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate . Control group was only treated by PBS and post fixed in glutaraldehyed (GAD) 1%. The buccal cell suspensions were then overlaid on the serous side of the BP scaffolds at concentrations2×105 Cells/mL. 10 days following seeding the samples were fixed and SEM results were analyzed by Matlab software. The pore surfaces were measured 182.05±11.61μm2 and 132.44±12.35 μm2 in acellular and GAD BP respectively (P<0.05). The con surfaces were measured 93.54±13.41 μm2and 114.78±11.67 μm2 acellular and GAD PB respectively (P<0.05).The thickness of collagen bundles in decellularized BP and GAD BP (10 random fields) were obtained 19.5±6.3 μm and 16.8±.99 μm respectively (p<0.05).<br />Conclusion: The results of acellular group showed more attached cells onto scaffold, epithelialization growth, and spreading on the scaffold. While in contrast GAD-fixed group only scattered cell clumping were seen. Our findings showed that topographical changes after decellularization could provide a suitable growth pool or microenvironment, that can influence cellular attachment and subsequently cell-ECM integration in biological scaffold.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Methotrexate on the Knee Joint in A Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Histological Study45562678910.21608/jmh.2018.4788.1037ENSomaya MohammedHistology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityNoha MakhloufHistology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityWalaa BaherHistology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University0000-0003-2602-2083Shimaa Aboud.Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20180210Background and objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic progressive joint inflammation with subsequent cartilage destruction. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus Methotrexate (MTX) on knee joint in a rat model of RA.<br />Materials and Methods: Thirty-five adult male albino rats were divided into two groups. Group I: control group (15 rats). Group II (20 rats) in which RA was induced, and then the rats were subdivided into four subgroups. Subgroups IIa and IIb were sacrificed two and four weeks after induction of RA respectively. Subgroups IIc and IId were treated by MTX and BM-MSCs respectively after two weeks of induction of RA and were sacrificed after further two weeks. The knee joints were collected, decalcified and processed for histological, histochemical, immunehistochemical and morphometric studies.<br />Results: Histological examination of the knee joints revealed that RA resulted in thickening of the intimal lining of the synovial membrane, infiltration, congestion and increased collagen content of the subintima. The articular cartilage showed erosions, thinning, cell and ground substance loss and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Injection of BM-MSCs resulted in improvement of the structure of the synovial membrane and the articular cartilage of the knee joint whereas, injection of MTX was relatively less effective.<br />Conclusion: Intra- articular injection of BM-MSCs resulted in a significant improvement in the histological structure of the knee joint in comparison to MTX in a rat model of RA.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601VITAMIN E AMELIORATES THE TOXIC EFFECT OF AMIODARONE ON THYROID GLAND IN RATS: A HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY57682679010.21608/jmh.2018.4614.1036ENRabab RasheedLecturer of Histology; Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Egypt0000-0002-1960-1792Sherif ArsanyosLecturer of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20180210Background: Amiodarone is a highly effective and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It can be used to treat wide range of arrhythmias. However, it is markedly concentrated in tissues leading to multiple adverse effects mainly on thyroid gland. The concomitant use of vitamin E with amiodarone in treatment of arrhythmias can ameliorate the hazardous effects of amiodarone on thyroid gland<br />Aim of work: The aim of this work is to study the histological and ultrastructural effects of amiodarone as antiarrhythmic drug on the thyroid gland, as well as the ability of vitamin E to protect against amiodarone induced thyroid damage.<br />Material and methods: Thirty adult male albino rats (weighing 150-200 g), were used in the study. Rats were divided into three groups (10 per group): Group A (Control group); Group B (Amiodarone treated group) and Group C (Amiodarone + Vitamin E treated group). Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of amiodarone administration. Thyroid gland was examined histologically and ultrastructurally.<br />Results: Histological and ultrastructure examination of thyroid glands of rats treated with amiodarone showed disorganized follicles. Follicular epithelium showed focal disruption and desquamation. The interfollicular tissue showed increased collagen deposition. Electron microscopic examination revealed irregular nuclei, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria. Concomitant administration of vitamin E showed marked amelioration of hazardous effects of amiodarone with improved histologic and ultrastructural signs<br />Conclusion: Amiodarone induces damage of the thyroid gland. Administration of vitamin E protects the thyroid gland and attenuates histopathological changes induced by amiodarone.Cairo University, Faculty of MedicineJournal of Medical Histology2536-91722120180601Possible Protective Role of Green Tea Extract on Male Rat Parotid Gland in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity (Histological Study)698026792ENZeinab AltayebHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan UniversityJournal Article20180210Background: Obesity is a major health problem that affects up to 30% of the adult population all over the world. It is a well-known aggravating factor in the pathology of many organs. The investigation of the anti-obesity properties of food components is a popular field of research and one of these natural agents of interest is green tea extract (GTE).<br />The present study aimed to assess the possible protective role of GTE on the parotid gland of male rat in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity histologically and immunohistochemically.<br />Materials and Methods: 40 adult male rats were divided equally into 4 groups.<br />Group I: rats were divided equally into two subgroups.<br />Group II: rats received of GTE 200 mg/kg body weight / day for12 weeks.<br />Group III: rats were fed HFD for 12 weeks.<br />Group IV: rats received GTE in conjunction with HFD 200 mg/kg body weight /day for 12 weeks. Parotid sections were subjected to histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. Serological, weight and waist circumference assessment were performed.<br />Results: group III: was comparable to group I Showed disarrangement of the acinar cells, cytoplasmic vacuoles, congested and dilated blood vessels. Marked fibrosis and cellular infiltration were observed. An increase in the immune reaction for α-SMA and moderately increase in Ki-67.<br />Group IV: Showed a reduction in all changes.<br />Conclusion: GTE play a role in the protection from HFD induced toxic changes on the parotid of rat.